Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Presentation mode open print download current view. A new species of gymnotus is described from coastal river systems in the pernambuco state, brazil. Media in category gymnotus carapo the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Behavior of electric fish gymnotus carapo in a group membership experiment. Overall gymnotus is the most widespread genus in the order gymnotiformes. We sampled 60 gymnotus carapo specimens from the guiana shield region, and 75 g. Revision of the polytypic electric fish gymnotus carapo gymnotiformes, teleostei, with descriptions of seven subspecies. Natural triploidy in the neotropical species gymnotus carapo. Reciprocal connections between the preglomerular complex. A new species of the electric knifefish gymnotus linnaeus. Gymnotus is a genus of neotropical freshwater fish in the family gymnotidae found widely in south america, central america and southern mexico 36th parallel south to 18th parallel north.
Unique sex chromosome system in the knifefish gymnotus. Pdf revision of the polytypic electric fish gymnotus carapo. Indeed, the only species of gymnotus with known location of 5s rdna that follows this pattern is g. Frequency response characteristics of electroreceptors in. It is the most widespread species of gymnotus, but it has frequently been confused with several relatives, including some found outside its range like the central america g. The usual length of the carapo is from 1 to 2 feet. Abstractabstractconventional giemsa, cbanding, agnors, cma3 and molecular 5s rdna, 18s rdna. Electrical emissions in gymnotus carapo and their relation to social behavior by j. South american electric fish of the pulsespecies, gymnotus carapo, were housed in a large, circular arena with a shelter in the centre and nonmoving electrical. Summarya natural autotriploid was detected during routine standard cytogenetic analysis of a sample of seventeen specimens of gymnotus carapo pisces.
Histopathology and metal concentrations in the testis were observed. Magnetic fields close to the fish on the order of nt are produced by currents on the order of 104 a in the electric. Analysis of the jamming avoidance response in the electric. The banded knife fish gymnotus carapo is among the most widely distributed, broadly adapted eurytopic, and phenotypically variable fish species in south.
Jan 16, 2015 indeed, the only species of gymnotus with known location of 5s rdna that follows this pattern is g. Approach and threat movement scores were positively correlated. Carapus macrourus, gymnotus albus, gymnotus brachiurus, gymnotus fasciatus, gymnotus putaol, sternopygus carapus. Karyotypic diversity in four species of the genus gymnotus. Comparative studies of the aggressive behaviour of two. Multiple rearrangements in cryptic species of electric. The banded knifefish, a brazilian fish, gymnotus carapo. Magnetic and electric characteristics of the electric fish. The electric and magnetic properties of the electric organ of this fish were studied. Gymnotus synonyms, gymnotus pronunciation, gymnotus translation, english dictionary definition of gymnotus. Gymnotus definition of gymnotus by the free dictionary. In the other species, this ribosomal gene was identified in 2 g. Recently we studied the karyotype of morphologically indistinguishable samples from five populations of g. Gymnotus coropinae, a diminutive species of neotropical electric fish, was originally described by hoedeman from surinam.
Dec 23, 2019 gymnotus carapo linnaeus, taxonomic download help gymnotus carapo tsn notes. Frequency response characteristics of phasic electroreceptors in the weakly electric pulse fish, gymnotus carapo, were related to the character of a receptor signal rs recorded externally over the receptor pore. The specimen was scanned by matthew colbert on 25 august 2003 along the coronal axis for a total of 465 1024x1024 pixel slices. Electrical and motor behaviour was studied during aggressive interactions in two species of electric fish gymnotus carapo and hypopomus artedi. In an attempt to demonstrate the influence of different.
May 24, 2019 gymnotus carapo linnaeus, taxonomic download help gymnotus carapo tsn notes. He observed that two mormyrids in a single tank, but on opposite. A tank of 40 101 cm with a capacity of 4555 gallons 170210 l is sufficient for individual fish under 8 20 cm in length. Proximate and ultimate causes of signal diversity in the. Jan 22, 2020 leave a comment on gymnotus carapo pdf gymnotus carapo linnaeus, taxonomic download help gymnotus carapo tsn notes. The density of tuberous electroreceptors was found to be. Growth and first sexual maturation size of gymnotus carapo. The english name banded knifefish is sometimes used for the entire. Of particular interest in this study was the perfect positive. The banded knifefish gymnotus carapo is a species of gymniform knifefish native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in south america. However, taking into account the number, arrangement, and innervation of the electrocytes, it is possible to divide. Pdf behavior of electric fish gymnotus carapo in a.
Pdf revision of banded knifefishes of the gymnotus carapo. From this analysis three groups of eod repetition rates may be distinguished. Gymnotus carapo linnaeus, taxonomic download help gymnotus carapo tsn notes. The electric organ ofgymnotus carapo was studied as an electric source by suspending the animal in air airgap and measuring voltage drops and current intensities across different values of load resistance. Receptors that were equally sensitive to a broad range of frequencies produced rss of a single hump, whereas sharply tuned receptors produced oscillatory rss fig. The family gymnotidae, which consists of the genera electrophorus and gymnotus, is a natural group and is located at the base of the phylogeny of the order.
Frequency response characteristics of electroreceptors in the. Our laboratory is presently studying dorsal telencephalic connections in gymnotus carapo, using an anterograde and retrograde neuronal labelling technique with a small molecular weight tracer. Behavioral evidence for postpause reduced responsiveness in. It is phylogenetically referred to the gymnotus carapo group clade for presenting a clear patch posteriorly at anal fin, two independent pores at dorsoposterior corner of preopercle, a single row of welldeveloped teeth most arrowheadshaped anteriorly on premaxilla, cleithrum with. Widely distributed throughout central and south america. Effects of in vitro exposure to mercury on male gonads and.
Download fulltext pdf electrophysiology of electric organ in gymnotus carapo article pdf available in the journal of general physiology 425. Diagram of a sagittal section of the brain of gymnotus carapo with the localization of the main reference points for the telencephalic structures. Waveform generation of the electric organ discharge in. Pdf electrophysiology of electric organ in gymnotus carapo. Electric fish of the order gymnotiformes are endemic to the neotropical region, and their highest diversity is observed in the amazon region. The vertical bars indicate the frontal planes presented in the atlas plates and the numbers at the base represent the distances mm from the zero frontal. The electric tissue extends along the fish body from the pectoral girdle to the tip of the tail, constituting a single, undivided organ. They are sometimes referred to by the english name banded knifefish, although this typically is reserved for the most widespread species, g. Biochemical and hematological responses of the banded knife fish gymnotus carapo linnaeus, 1758 exposed to environmental hypoxia. High scores on aggressive behavior were inversely related to the time spent in electrical silence. This basic organization seems also to hold in gymnotus carapo bennett et al. Biochemical and hematological responses of the banded. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 20. Multiple rearrangements in cryptic species of electric knifefish, gymnotus carapo gymnotidae, gymnotiformes revealed by chromosome painting.
Stereotaxic atlas of the telencephalon of the weakly electric. The banded knifefish gymnotus carapo is a species of gymniform knifefish native to a wide. Both surfaces of each electroplaque produce spikes, and either can be excited alone by a suitably oriented externally applied stimulating current. Gymnotiformes from mogi guacu river, pirassununga, sp, brazil. Weak field electric fish respond to alerting stimuli with a transient increase in the frequency of electric organ discharge novelty response. Revision of banded knifefishes of the gymnotus carapo and g. The grorvth curve mas established by fhe annual ring method. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and an intron from the nuclear s7 ribosomal protein gene, and used maximum likelihood and bayesian tree. Effect of drugs that alter alertness and emotionality on the novelty response of a weak electric fish, gymnotus carapo. In one tube the electroplaques are innervated on their rostral surfaces, in the others on the caudal.
Gymnotus choco, commonly known as the cuchillo spanish for knife, is an electric knifefish. The anal fin, which is used to propel the fish backwards or forwards by an undulating motion is very long. Valone, jr 1 department of biology, yale university, new haven, conn. Effect of drugs that alter alertness and emotionality on. Eight adult gymnotus carapo were used in an experiment designed to examine electrical and. Eight adult gymnotus carapo were used in an experiment designed to examine electrical and other behavioral interactions within 22 different pairings of animals. Electric organ discharge diversity in the genus gymnotus. Electrophysiology of electric organ in gymnotus carapo. Effect of drugs that alter alertness and emotionality on the. Behavioural analysis of electric signal localization in the electric fish.
The distribution of the different types of tuberous electroreceptor and the occurrence of particular electric field patterns close to the body of the fish were studied. Pdf biochemical and hematological responses of the banded. The diploid individuals presented 2n54 and 2 norbearing chromosomes and the triploid had 2n3x81 chromosomes and 3 active nors. This paper describes the peripheral mechanisms involved in signal processing of self and conspecificgenerated electric fields by the electric fish gymnotus carapo. Gymnotus is a widely distributed and specious genus with high karyotypic diversity, especially. Cutest proposal ever this wedding planners proposal will for sure make you cry. The electric organ eo ofgymnotus carapo was studied using different neurohistological techniques including conventional electron microscopy. Animal care, anesthesia, surgery and euthanasia were carried out in compliance. Pdf the banded knife fish gymnotus carapo is among the most widely distributed, broadly adapted eurytopic, and phenotypically variable. Apr 27, 2010 gymnotus gymnotidae, gymnotiformes is the neotropical electric fish genus with the largest geographic distribution and the largest number of species, 33 of which have been validated. Natural triploidy in the neotropical species gymnotus. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf. Two main changes in the firing patterns of electric organ discharge were observed when two fish were placed together.
The electric fish gymnotus carapo emits brief 4 ms electric pulses separated by much longer intervals of high regularity coefficient of variation 0. Our understanding of the diversity and distributions of species in the genus gymnotus has improved dramatically over the last two decades, mirroring the situation for many other neotropical fish groups crampton, 2011. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. A genus of south american freshwater fishes, including the gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. Pdf revision of banded knifefishes of the gymnotus. Pdf revision of banded knifefishes of the gymnotus carapo and. Comparative studies of the aggressive behaviour of two gymnotid electric fish gymnotus carapo and hypopomus artedi author links open overlay panel g.
Fish biogeography in the lost world of the guiana shield. Paired comparison methods were used to obtain the data, and analysis of the results was undertaken at three different levels. Pdf behavior of electric fish gymnotus carapo in a group. Behavioral evidence for postpause reduced responsiveness. Prereceptor processing and the distribution of electroreceptor types. The carapo, so called in brasil, has a body about a foot in length, and not two inches in breadth, being in the shape of a knife. Waveform generation in the weakly electric fish gymnotus coropinae.
Stereotaxic atlas of the telencephalon of the weakly. Frequency response characteristics of phasic electroreceptors in the weakly electric pulse fish,gymnotus carapo, were related to the character of a receptor signal rs recorded externally over the receptor pore. This article is from comparative cytogenetics, volume 5. Pdf biochemical and hematological responses of the. Banded knife fish gymnotus carapo aquatic community. At present, we are ignorant of the processes that occur within the pm and r cells of gymnotus carapo during a pause in the eod. Likely possibilities would be that the pm cells cease to fire during a pause or that.
The contribution of each part of the body to the overall waveform of the electric organ discharge eod was measured by changing the portion of the fish body maintained in the airgap. Carapus fasciatus 17741804 print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam uba01 iz15100107. Pdf banded knifefishes gymnotus, gymnotidae comprise the most species rich, ecologically tolerant eurytopic, and geo graphically. Gymnotus gymnotidae, gymnotiformes is the neotropical electric fish genus with the largest geographic distribution and the largest number of species, 33 of which have been validated. Reciprocal connections between the preglomerular complex and. The head of the carapo is of a compressed form, and the upper jaw projects beyond the lower. Redescription of gymnotus coropinae gymnotiformes, gymnotidae. Biochemical and hematological responses of the banded knife. This study investigated the progressive effects of hgcl 2 in the testis and sperm of the tropical fish tuvira gymnotus carapo l. The greatest species richness is found in the amazon basin.
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